Table B-3: Potential Treatment Byproducts and Treatment Process Residuals*
[Row 1] [Column 1 header] Treatment Method
[Row 1] [Column 2 header] Byproducts 
[Row 1] [Column 3 header] Byproduct Notes
[Row 1] [Column 4 header] Treatment Process Residual
[Row 1] [Column 5 header] Treatment process for byproducts and residual
[Row 1] [Column 1] Free chlorine
[Row 1a] [Column 1] Oxons, sulfoxides,sulfones 
[Row 1b] [Column 1] Regulated disinfection byproducts (DBPs)
[Row 1a] [Column 2] Examples include aldicarb sulfoxide, aldicarb sulfone, methylparaoxon, phorate sulfoxide, etc.
[Row 1b] [Column 2] Include trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids
[Row 1] [Column 3]Free Chlorine
[Row 1a] [Column 4]Byproducts – activated carbon, filtration, ozonation, etc.
[Row 1b] [Column 4]Residuals – dechlorination agents, reducing agents, etc.
[Row 1c] [Column 4]Regulated DBPs – formation control, reverse osmosis
[Row 2][Column 1]Ozone
[Row 2][Column 2a]Oxons, sulfoxides, sulfones
[Row 2][Column 2b]Regulated DBPs
[Row 2][Column 3a]Examples similar to free chlorine. All oxidative process may form these byproducts to varying degrees.
[Row 2][Column 3b]Bromate will be formed if the water contains bromide
[Row 2][Column 5a]Byproducts – activated carbon, filtration, ozonation, etc.
[Row 2][Column 5b]Regulated DBPs – formation control, reverse osmosis
[Row 3][Column 1]Reverse Osmosis
[Row 3][Column 2]Hydrolysis products
[Row 3][Column 3]pH change from process may affect hydrolysis mechanisms and corresponding products; e.g. for organophosphates
[Row 3][Column 4]Residuals may include spent/used membranes, and liquid residuals with high concentrations of the contaminant.
[Row 3][Column 5]High concentration of contaminants may cause waste to be subject to additional regulations and/or more difficult to deal with.
[end table B-3]
[footnote]* Note that this table does not contain all potential treatment byproducts or residuals. Additionally, while many byproducts may be treated as described in Table B-1, the treatment technology
for the residuals may be different than the technique needed to treat the original contaminant. EPA Cumulative Risk Assessments provide information on toxicologically significant treatment
byproducts for several classes of pesticides (http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/cumulative/).
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