Table 3-6: Potential Treatment Methods for Water Contaminated with Radiologicals*
[Row 1] [Column 1 header] RAD
[Row 1] [Column 2 header] Activated alumina
[Row 1] [Column 3 header] Activated sludge
[Row 1] [Column 4 header] Biosorption
[Row 1] [Column 5 header] Coagulants
[Row 1] [Column 6 header] Co-precipitation with barium sulfate
[Row 1] [Column 7 header] Electrodialysis/EDR†
[Row 1] [Column 8 header] Filtration
[Row 1] [Column 9 header] Hydrous manganese oxide
[Row 1] [Column 10 header] Ion Exchange
[Row 1] [Column 11 header] Lime softening
[Row 1] [Column 12 header] Magnetic polyamine epichlorhydrin resin
[Row 1] [Column 13 header] Particle separation and magnetic separation
[Row 1] [Column 14 header] Precipitation
[Row 1] [Column 15 header] Reverse osmosis
[Row 2] Alpha- and Gamma-Emitter,
Americium-241 [Coagulants column selected, Magnetic polyamine epichlorhydrin resin column selected, Particle separation and magnetic separation column selected, Reverse osmosis column selected]
[Row 3] Beta- and Gamma-Emitter,
Cesium-137 [Electrodialysis/EDR† column selected, Filtration column selected, Hydrous manganese oxide column selected, Ion Exchange column selected, Reverse osmosis column selected]
Cobalt-60 [Activated sludge column selected, Biosorption column selected, Filtration column selected, Hydrous manganese oxide column selected, Ion Exchange column selected, Lime softening column selected, Precipitation column selected, Reverse osmosis column selected],
Iridium-192 [Biosorption column selected, Coagulants column selected, Reverse osmosis column selected],
[Row 4] Beta-Emitter,
Strontium-90 [Activated alumina column selected, Co-precipitation with barium sulfate column selected, Electrodialysis/EDR† column selected, Ion Exchange column selected, Lime softening column selected, Reverse osmosis column selected],
[end table 3-6]
[footnote]* See WCIT at http://www.epa.gov/wcit/ for more information and updates on treatment methods. Registration is required. In addition to WCIT,
this table includes treatment methods investigated in other EPA preliminary scoping studies on existing methods.
[footnote]† EDR = Electrodialysis reversal.
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